Nevis



Nevis
Caribbean

In the days when sugar was the engine that drove the economy of the West Indies, Nevis was known as the "Queen of the Caribbees. " That was a tribute in part to the island's natural beauty, and also to the glittering social life in the plantation houses – a time epitomized by the courtship of a dashing young British naval officer, Horatio Nelson, and his soon-to-be-bride, Fanny Nisbet. What's remarkable about Nevis is that it has lost neither its natural heritage nor its sense of history. Until recently those plantation houses, transformed into stylish, intimate country inns, set the mood for visitors to this small, laid-back island which is joined with neighboring St. Kitts to form the region's smallest country. Then a few years ago, with the opening of a major resort (complete with a championship golf course that ranks among the most scenic in the Caribbean), tourism got a jump-start on this largely agricultural island. But away from the resort, Nevis remains much as it was – a place where the eco-tourist can explore some of the best hiking in the West Indies, a history buff can take a walking tour of Charlestown, an equestrian can choose from nearly a dozen trail rides, and a place where a day at the horse races (and a downhill course from start to finish) is a Caribbean day to remember.





Nevis is paradise for nature lovers. Just listen to the monkeys chattering in the trees, the doves cooing in the distance. There is excellent snorkeling just offshore and scuba diving around wrecks and natural reefs. For those more interested in man-made exploration, try your hand at archaeology, or exploring the ruins of old sugar plantations, a lime kiln, or Amerindian sites.

These are the rainforests, reefs, and ruins of Nevis, a fascinating destination for people who enjoy the natural side of the tropics. 

Hiking in the rain forest is a must for everyone, whether it be the short hike through the nature trail at Golden Rock Plantation Inn or a day-long climb to the top of Nevis Peak (3,232 feet). Walk on the beach and learn about the nesting of sea turtles with a biologist as your guide, or go snorkeling with a marine biologist to learn about life under the sea. 

There are even night beach walks available, to study the stars, seemingly light years away from the glare of the cities. 

The island is covered with the ruins of the sugar plantation era, which declined in the late 1800s after slavery was abolished and the sugar beet created competition for sugar cane. Over the years, volunteer groups and researchers have come to the island to explore the history of the old buildings and record them for future generations. Several archaeology projects led by university researchers from England and the United States continue each year.


Inside Nevis: Explaining Nevis


Two topics recently raised about Nevis are about beaches and prices.  It seems many of the reviewers did not know what to expect, or drew the wrong conclusions.  There is also some misinformation out there.

The beaches on Nevis vary as to the exact color of the sand, but none of them are white sand, which is formed solely from coral, and is often found on flatter, coral islands such as the Bahamas or Anquilla.  The sand on Nevis is formed from the volcanic rock of the island. Many beaches have attractive pale yellowish sand or slightly greyish-yellow sand. The iron content of the volcanic rock here sometimes results in reddish brown sand or even black sand.  Local children sometimes drag magnets along the beach and watch them get "furry" with iron particles!  One vision-impaired visitor told us that Nevis sand was a lot smoother than other places he had visited, and he said the sand felt hotter. This is because the darker colour absorbs the heat better, and this actually is really great for the nesting Sea Turtles that visit us.  The volcanic nutrients and iron also increase life on both land and sea, so the waters may not be quite as intense a blue as in some other flatter places, but we do have a beautiful big green mountain with rain forest!

Price is another subject that many notice. One reviewer stated that there was "an 80% tax", this is certainly not true.  Prices of items for sale here can be high here partly because we are a up-market destination. We do try to import the best things we can at the most reasonable prices we can, however we are a "terminal destination" for shipping, and most items have to be shipped in with little going out, which adds to the expense.  Because we are only a small island, we cannot usually get the cheap rates associated with big, discount places.  Something shipped from the U.S. generally passes through 3 to 5 other ports (Miami to San Juan to St. Kitts at least) and each place charges taxes and fees, usually around 10-15% per stop, then once it gets here the business that sells the item has to make some type of profit too!

So why come to Nevis?  Because, while our beaches are not pure white, they are very lovely, and our shallow sea, where you swim and snorkel, is not "dead" as so many others elsewhere are: we are the living Caribbean still.  Look for the hidden beaches, where  the turtles nest and eat turtle grass off shore, where the tiny octopus makes his home inside the empty Queen Conch shell, and where the birds soar overhead.  Our beautiful green mountain has dense rain forest that you won't find any trace of on a flat coral island. Our high slopes generate more breeze to keep you cool!  Prices may be high, but you will find friendly, dignified people, and your satisfaction will be as great or greater still than the prices you will pay to discover us. 

Nevis is a safe, healthy, and relaxing destination, very beautiful and with a lot to see.

The photograph shows one of Nevis' most beautiful hidden beaches, with dried turtle grass washed up on the sand.
 












The written history of Nevis begins with the account recorded by Columbus when he sailed by Nevis in 1493. The name Nevis is derived from "Nuestra Senora de Las Nieves" which means "Our Lady of the Snows," because of the cloud capped mountain reminding Columbus of snow.

Prior to the Columbus saga, Nevis was named Dulcina "Sweet Island" by the Arawaks and later Oualie "land of beautiful waters" by the Caribs. Later in the 18th century Nevis became known as "Queen of the Caribees." Evidence of pre-ceramic people abounds with finely crafted stone tools and intricately coloured pottery found.
    
Over the years Nevis has made a number of significant contributions to the Caribbean and the World. Two men who played part in international history were Alexander Hamilton and Lord Horatio Nelson. Hamilton, one of the founding fathers of America and its first Secretary of the Treasury was born on Nevis on January 11, 1757. Nelson, Britains most famous admiral, used Nevis as a base of operations in the mid 1780's and married a Nevisian, Frances Nisbet in 1787.

Nevis continued to be part of the British colonial holdings until 1967 when it achieved Associated Statehood with St. Kitts. On September 19, 1983, Nevis became part of an independent nation and form part of the sovereign democratic state of St.Christopher and Nevis. It has the unique constitutional arrangement of being part of the Federal Parliament while having a separate parliament and its own Nevis Island Administration headed by a Premier.

 


Music and the islands go hand-in-hand, and Nevis is no exception. Since the days of slavery, folk dances and folk music have been a part of life. They played a key role, particularly at Christmas when field workers were given free time for leisure activities.

With the advent of Carnival, and later Culturama, the annual cultural festival held each summer since 1974, dances and music became part of these celebrations. There are many traditional folk dances, such as the masquerade, the Mocko-Jumbies that walk on stilts, Cowboys and Indians, and Plait the Ribbon, a May pole dance.

The musical accompaniment for these dances is the Big Drum or the String Band. Big Drum, which is African in origin, consists of a bass and kettle drums, and fife. The string band or "scratch band" as it is called, consists of about 10 musicians. The band usually has three guitars and a four-string instrument-mandolin and quatro-as accompaniment. The rest of the band plays a baho, a bass pipe made from bamboo (or in recent times, PVC pipe) that reaches to the floor, and percussion (maracas, triangle, and guiro-a hollow gourd with ridges that are "scratched" with a metal comb-like object). A fife usually carries the melody for the group.

There are currently three string bands on Nevis, which entertain regularly on the island, at hotels, and at events, like weddings. Young people are learning to play the instruments in primary school, and some of the bands have younger members to keep the tradition alive. 

Steel pan and Kaiso (Calypso) music play an important role in the island culture. Largely influenced by Trinidad and Jamaica, Nevisians enjoy listening to Kaiso and composing songs. Kaiso contests are a popular event around Culturama time. The winners of the Kaiso contests, the Monarch, is well-regarded for his musical ability and rises somewhat to a celebrity status. The Kaiso show is one of the more popular events for young and old alike since the message, as presented by the lyrics, portrays various aspects of the Nevisian way of life. Kaiso is a popular art form throughout the Caribbean and has its roots in West Africa as seen by the African tradition of orature or storytelling. Like most Caribbean countries it started in Nevis during the days of slavery and has continued after emancipation into the 20th century.

Work songs occupy an important place in the account of the music of Nevis, for example, when moving a heavy object such as a house or a boat, this rhyming song would be sung, "The ram, the Ewe and the Weather goat." (symbolic of 1,2,3, go!)

Service of Songs was a special time for many Nevisians. Held annually at Easter and Whit Sunday in a tent or arbor woven from palm fronds, the music was mostly religious in nature. The songs were taken from the 'Sanky' Hymnal. It was a real social occasion and preparation for the event was part of the enjoyment. The Service of Songs, which were held in the early 20th century, now gives way to Gospel Concerts.

The sounds of childhood include Ring Games with songs particularly at evening time. This tradition now extends to the schools where during the Games or Recess session quite a lot of ring games are played.
 










 


Nature Plants and Their Uses (Bush Medicine)
Breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis)
- used as a starchy vegetable in many local dishes.

Black Sage (Cordia curassavica)
- leaves are steeped to treat colds and cough.
 
Wild Sage (Lantana camara)
- used in a tea to treat colds and chills.
 
Flamboyant (Delonix regia)
- national flower of St.Kitts and Nevis.
 
White Cedar (Tabebuia heteropyhlla)
- used chiefly for posts and poles, but also used in boat building.
 
Soursop (Annona muricata L.)
- used to make ice-cream and preserves, and as a sedative for children.
 
Srew Pine (Pandanus utilis)
- leaves used to make baskets, place mats and other woven crafts.
 
Blood Flower/Milky-Milky (Asclepias curassavica)
- used to treat guinea worm and ringworm.
 
Jumbie Beads (Abrus precatorius)
- seeds used as decorations on handicrafts.
 
Seagrape (Cocoloba uvifera)
To relieve "presin" in children and for the relief of headaches
- fruits used for locally prepared jellies and wine-like beverages.
 
Wild Cilliment (Pimenta racemosa)
- leaves were soaked in rum and used to relieve soreness.
 
Coconut Palm (Cocos nucifera)
The water is used for rehydration especially diarrhoea
- used for medicine, thatch, timber, fiber and copra.
 
Golden Apple (Spondias dulcis)
- fruits made into preserves or eaten when ripe.
 
Mahoe (Quararibea turbinata)
- stems were used for goad sticks and the bark as a rope substitute.
 
Joint Wood (Piper amalago)
- Used in a tea for colds and flu and as a laxative.
 
Tree Fern (Cyathea arborea)
- used by the Carib Indians to preserve and carry fire.

Ficus Citrofolia
- roots unite to form a trunk; were used in making guitars.
 
Wild Coffee (Casearia guianensis)
- easily identified by its distinct dark bark; used as fuel wood.
 
Bamboo (Bambusa vulgaris)
- used in making furniture, pipes, fences and pole
 
Warri Beads
- seeds used to play the game Warri, a game descendant from African Mankala, the oldest family of games in the World.
 
Hog Plum (Spondias mombin)
- used in a tea to stop diarrhoea or dysentery.
 
Silk Cotton Tree/Kapok (Ceiba pentandra)
- used in baths to relieve fatigue and to counteract poisoning
 
Onions (Allium Cepa)
- used to build resistance to colds, to relieve gas and indigestion, good for the heart
 
Bee Bush (Coralita)
- The leaves are used to reduce swellings, and for the use of diabetes and blood pressure
 
Yellow Dad, Dodder, Love vine (Cuscuta Americana)
- used for skin rashes, latta marks and looters
 
Long grass, Bed grass (Digitaria insullaris)
- A tea made from the leaf is used for belly aches, also used for the treatment of sores and cuts
 
Sweet Marjum (Origanium Marjorana)
- treatment for indigestion, colds and flu

Hibiscus (Hibiscus rosa-sinensus)
- treatment of blood pressure, petal are used for tea

 

 



Birds in Paradise
Nevis is named on international bird lists because of its varied array of bird species. The island is considered to be a premier birding spot worldwide. There are 126 species of birds on the island-from the perky bananaquits, who may visit your breakfast tables looking for sugar, to the impressive hawks that glide through the air (there are eight species of hawks). There are four species of white birds-in the egret and heron families--that create breathtaking sights.

Certain species of birds are here only at certain times of the year, so not all can be found year round. The birds live in several different habitats: the wetlands, beaches, rainforest, dry country, and inhabited areas. There are many wonderful birding areas around the island to see these different bird residents. The locations and the birds are described in a locally produced booklet, The Birds of Nevis by Paul Hilder, available at the Museum of Nevis History in Charlestown.


Bat Fauna
At least five species of bats have been identified on Nevis, an important part of the island's natural ecosystem. These lively creatures pollinate plants, disperse seeds, and eat insects, like mosquitoes. They are the only native mammals know to live on Nevis. 

Two types of bats eat insects; two consume fruits and flowers, two types live in rooftops. In recent years, many scientists have come here to study the fascinating bat population. They believe there is a sixth species here, the Caribbean fishing bat.

Bats are mammals bearing live young and suckling them on milk. They belong to the Order Chiroptera, which contain 956 species worldwide, approximately one-quarter of all mammal species. They are the only mammals capable of true flight (as opposed to the gliding flight found in some mammals such as flying squirrels).

There are some negative myths about bats. They do not build nests or lay eggs. They cannot chew holes in wood to gain access to buildings. They are not poisonous. And, they will not bite unless an attempt is made to catch them, which is true of most wild animals.


Whales' Tales and Dolphins
Whales are often considered by fisherman to be harbingers of good fishing. When they appear, the mackerel, tuna, and other fish gather in abundance. But anyone familiar with the entertaining aquatic gymnastics of spinner dolphins and the unbelievable grace of breaching humpback whales also welcome their arrival.

The year begins in January along the coast of Nevis with the haunting songs of the humpback whales. They begin their annual journey thousands of miles away near the Arctic and Canada to head for the warm waters of the Caribbean to mate and give birth. These gentle giants, who filter huge mouthfuls of plankton, crustaceans, and small fish through massive strands of baleen plates that hang down from their upper jaw, pass by Nevis during their courtship and mating rituals.

The males practice the newest version of their ancient love song in hopes of attracting a mate. These otherworldly melodies can be heard underwater from miles away. Occasionally one can view a remarkable show of jumps and tail lobs, fin waving and barrel rolls. By April they move on. 

While the humpbacks are migratory, several other types stay here year round. They include pilot, sperm, fin, sei and minke whales. The largest whale in the world, the blue whale, sometimes passes by and is truly an awesome sight. 

Spinner dolphins are just as entertaining as they spin gracefully, leaping through the air. Their streamlined bodies glide through the water as they ride boat bow waves and their chatter and chirps seem to be cries of joy and pure delight. To be surrounded by a playful pod is a memory beyond compare.

Scuba divers often have the chance to see bottlenose, spinner, and other small dolphins during their dives off Nevis. Sightseeing boats from Scuba Safaris take trips out to see the whales and dolphins between January and April. It's also possible to watch the whales from the top of Saddle Hill, where the U.S. environmental organization Greenpeace has installed a telescope. Call to use the telescope at 869-469-2856.


Sea Turtle Species
There are four species of sea turtles that venture to the beaches to lay eggs: the green sea turtle, Chelonia mydas; the leatherback, Dermochelys coricea, and the hawksbill, Eretmochelys imbricata, and the loggerhead turtle, Caretta caretta.

On land they lumber arduously past the high tide mark to painstakingly dig nests with flippers designed for swimming and lay 40-150 ping-pong ball sized eggs. In the water, however, they are agile and streamlined and can soar along at up to 35 miles per hour despite their massive bodies which can weigh up to 1500 pounds.

During their life span of about 100 years, they travel the oceans, sometimes hundreds of miles, and eat foods that range from jellyfish to sponges, grass and fish. Despite the large number of eggs per nest, which hatch in 50-60 days, all species of sea turtles are endangered.

The young brave many dangers after they hatch and crawl awkwardly toward the sea drawn by the moonlight on the water. If they survive predators from the land, they must evade many dangers in the sea if they are to grow from the size of an EC dollar to approximately 40 inches. Only 1 in 10,000 survive to adulthood.

Check with the nature hiking guides for supervised viewing of nocturnal turtle nesting activities. Swimming turtles are frequently seen on dive trips organised by Scuba Safaris or Under the Sea, Sealife Education Centre, phone: 869-469-1291. 


Monkeys and Donkeys
Monkey sightings are common on Nevis, and most visitors delight in seeing the energetic creatures run across the road (followed by a family of babies) or swing from tree to tree. These green vervet monkeys live only on St. Kitts, Barbados, and Nevis, brought to this island by British settlers. Local lore says that the French brought them, though the description "French" was actually a derogatory term for annoying British. 

These cute animals, with expressive faces of white contrasting with their darker hair, chatter from the treetops, as if holding conversations between themselves or berating visitors from the ground. They are very safe, carry no human diseases, and are often seen stealing fruits (especially mangoes) and flowers. 

The relative of the monkey, the donkey (phonetically-speaking only) are seen roaming around the island, usually in small groups. They were brought to the island as beasts of burden, but now are only used occasionally for transportation by farmers. Mothers are often seen with their babies-small donkeys with shaggy hair that look like dogs with long ears. People shouldn't approach a mother donkey with her young, as she will defend her young, as will any animal mother.


Sheep and Goats
How do you tell the difference between them? Tails down-sheep. Tails up-goat (To remember, P goes down and T goes up). Other than that, it's often hard to differentiate between these two animals that roam the island, crossing roads, grazing in fields, often with small young ones struggling to keep up with the older herd.


Mongooses
Brought to the island originally in 1870 to get rid of the rodent population, this small, brown ferret-like animal can be see skittering across roads.




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